The dilution systems from Palas® are characterized unambiguously. This is documented with a calibration certificate for each individual device.
The dilution steps deliver a temporally constant, representative dilution with the factors 10 and 100.
The dilution systems can be cascaded with the factors 100, 1,000, 10,000 and 100,000
Low compressed air consumption, e.g. just 128 l/minwith a dilution factor of 10,000 with four VKL 10 systems
The dilution steps are combinable with all common particle counters.
These cascaded dilution systems can be tested by the users themselves with a simple test set-up.
Isobaric dilution up to 10 bar overpressure / isothermal dilution up to 120°C with the VKL 10 E, VKL 10 ED, KHG 10 and KHG 10 D dilution systems
Simple functional test on-site
Description
The VKL 100 series of dilution systems can reduce the concentration of aerosols by the dilution factor 1:100, also of very highly concentrated aerosols, in a defined and reliable way.
The Palas® VKL 100 dilution systems are used in vertical operation for the particle size range up to 2 µm for applications in the clean room. Dilution factors of up to 1:100,000 are achieved by cascading several VKL systems.
Functional principle
Particle-free air with the volume flow VR circulates through an annular passage around the suction nozzle. Thus, according to Bernoulli, a volume flow VAn is generated at the suction nozzle.
The dilution factor VF is calculated according to the following formula
Representative dilution of particle size distribution of the Palas® dilution systems by cascading
VDI report no. 1973 from 2007 proved metrologically that a reproducible aerosol dilution is possible with the Palas® dilution systems down to VF 100,000.
Simple functional test on-site
With this simple test set-up, the Palas® cascaded dilution systems can be checked by anyone themselves:
Firstly a particle measurement is performed with one dilution step.
Here it is important that the aerosol concentration, e.g. lab air, to
be measured does not exceed the coincidence limit (maximum detectable
aerosol concentration). In the second step, the dilution step to be
tested is connected in series (cascaded). To check the dilution factor
of the test step (position 2), the total particle count form the
measurement in position 1 is divided by the total particle count from
position 2.
Experimental setup
Position 1: Lab air
Position 2: Lab air
The VKL 100 serves to measure coincidence-free with the OPC; the VKL 10 is tested.
Measurement example
Calculation of the dilution factor:
Provided the first measurement is not affected by a coincidence
error and the dilution system under test is working (not soiled), a
dilution factor of almost 10 is determined. If this should not be the
case, there was possibly coincidence in measurement 1. In this case the
aerosol concentration has to be decreased or a further dilution step
used. Another possibility would be that the dilution step to be tested
is soiled. In this case the device has to be cleaned and the test
repeated.
Table 1: Technical characteristics of Palas® dilution systems
Application
Aerosol measurement technology: test aerosols from filters and inertial separators
Separation efficiency determination with counting measuring methods, e.g. HEPA/ULPA filters
Leak test and acceptance measurements of clean rooms, isolators and safety work benches
Inhalation toxicology
Quality control of respirator masks and filter cartridges
To enquire about the VKL 100 VKL system and the options available contact us now.
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